Xinbo Huang the State of the Art in Technologies and Applications of Mems

Review

doi: 10.3390/mi10010051.

Land of the Fine art and Perspectives on Silicon Photonic Switches

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• PMID: 30642100
• PMCID: PMC6356747
• DOI: 10.3390/mi10010051

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Review

State of the Art and Perspectives on Silicon Photonic Switches

Xin Tu  et al. Micromachines (Basel). 2019 .

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Abstract

In the last decade, silicon photonic switches are increasingly believed to be potential candidates for replacing the electrical switches in the applications of telecommunication networks, data middle and high-throughput computing, due to their low power consumption (Picojoules per bit), large bandwidth (Terabits per second) and loftier-level integration (Square millimeters per port). This review newspaper focuses on the state of the art and our perspectives on silicon photonic switching technologies. Information technology starts with a review of three types of key switch engines, i.e., Mach-Zehnder interferometer, micro-ring resonator and micro-electro-mechanical-system actuated waveguide coupler. The working mechanisms are introduced and the key specifications such equally insertion loss, crosstalk, switching time, footprint and power consumption are evaluated. So it is followed by the discussion on the epitome of large-calibration silicon photonic fabrics, which are based on the configuration of to a higher place-mentioned switch engines. In addition, the key technologies, such as topological architecture, passive components and optoelectronic packaging, to better the overall performance are summarized. Finally, the critical challenges that might hamper the silicon photonic switching technologies transferring from proof-of-concept in lab to commercialization are also discussed.

Keywords: MEMS; actuator; integrated optics; integration; silicon photonics; switch; waveguide.

Conflict of interest argument

The authors declare no disharmonize of interest.

Figures

Figure 1

(a) Schematic of 2 × 2 Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) switch prison cell. Cross-sections of waveguide phase shifters: (b) thermo-optic (T-O) phase shifter using a metal heater (c) T-O phase shifter using a doped resistive heater (d) suspended T-O phase shifter using a metallic heater (e) electro-optic (E-O) phase shifter.

Figure 2

Schematic of various of MZI switch cells: (a) Adiabatic T-O MZI switch (b) T-O switch with bent couplers (c) East-O switch with 2-section couplers (d) E-O switch with spiral phase shifter (e) T-O switch with folded phase shifter (f) T-O switch array (k) T-O switch with variable coupler (h) Due east-O switch with button-pull driving scheme (i) Eastward-O switch with nested MZI stage shifter.

Figure 3

Schematic of (a) MRR switch with input and output crossing (b) MRR switch with input and output parallel (c) High-gild MRR switch (d) MRR assisted MZI switch.

Effigy four

Schematic of (a) a switch based on vertically MEMS-actuated directional waveguide coupler (b) a switch based on vertically MEMS-actuated adiabatic waveguide coupler (c) a switch based on laterally MEMS-actuated directional waveguide coupler (d) a switch based on laterally MEMS-actuated MRR (e,f) a switch based on rotationally MEMS-actuated waveguide.

Effigy five

Topology of 32 × 32 Hybrid Dilated Benes.

Figure 6

Switch matrix of different topologies (a) total area (b) insertion loss.

Effigy vii

Passive components (a) MMI coupler (b) In-plane waveguide crossing (c) 3D waveguide crossing (d) transition waveguides (e) adiabatic curve waveguide (f) trident border coupler array.

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